Author: dailymushroom

TORONTO, April 08, 2020 – Revive Therapeutics Ltd. (“Revive” or the “Company”) (CSE: RVV), a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, is pleased to announce that the Company has retained Novotech, the largest biotech clinical research organization (“CRO”) specialist in the Asia-Pacific region, to serve as the Company’s CRO to pursue future human clinical studies for Bucillamine in the treatment of infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) in Asia-Pacific Countries (“APAC”).

“We are pleased to have Novotech as part of our team to support us in our global clinical strategy for Bucillamine in infectious diseases, which includes COVID-19, and they will work in parallel and complement our initiatives in the U.S., specifically with our recently announced FDA pre-IND meeting request for Bucillamine,” said Michael Frank, Revive’s Chief Executive Officer. “We have assembled an exemplary team of scientific, clinical and regulatory experts with Dr. David Boulware, MD as our scientific advisor, Dr. Kelly McKee, Jr., MD, MPH as Chief Scientific Officer consultant, Dr. Onesmo Mpanju, PhD as FDA Regulatory Affairs consultant, and now with Novotech as our APAC CRO. Novotech will assist our team in exploring the potential for a Phase 2 clinical study for Bucillamine in the treatment of infectious diseases in the APAC region.”

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species contribute to the destruction and programmed cell death of pulmonary epithelial cells.¹ N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to significantly attenuate clinical symptoms in respiratory viral infections in animals and humans, primarily via donation of thiols to restore antioxidant and to reduce the activity of cellular glutathione ^2,3,4,5. Bucillamine (N-(mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-cysteine) has a well-known safety profile and is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan and South Korea for over 30 years. Bucillamine, a cysteine derivative with two thiol groups, has been shown to be 16 times more potent as a thiol donor in vivo than NAC ⁶. The drug is non-toxic with high cellular permeability. The basis of the clinical study will analyze if Bucillamine has the potential, via restoration of glutathione activity and other anti-inflammatory activity, to lessen the negative consequences of influenza and SARS CoV2 infection in the lungs and to help treat these conditions.

Revive is actively pursuing a product and clinical development plan intending to unlock the full potential of Bucillamine for infectious diseases. The Company will continue to announce its initiatives as they unfold.

About Novotech

Novotech is internationally recognized as the leading regional full-service contract research organization (CRO) in Asia-Pacific. Novotech has been instrumental in the success of over a thousand Phase I – IV clinical trials for biotechnology companies.

Novotech was established in 1996, with offices in 11 locations across the region, and site partnerships with major health institutions.

Novotech provides clinical development services across all clinical trial phases and therapeutic areas including: feasibility assessments; ethics committee and regulatory submissions, data management, statistical analysis, medical monitoring, safety services, central lab services, report write-up to ICH requirements, project and vendor management. Novotech obtained the ISO 27001 certification which is the best-known standard in the ISO family providing requirements for an Information Security Management System. Together with the ISO 9001 Quality Management system, Novotech aims at the highest IT security and quality standards for patients and biotechnology companies.

For more information visit www.novotech-cro.com.

About Revive Therapeutics Ltd.

Revive is a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, and it is prioritizing drug development efforts to take advantage of several regulatory incentives awarded by the FDA such as Orphan Drug, Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy and Rare Pediatric Disease designations. Currently, the Company is exploring the use of Bucillamine for the potential treatment of infectious diseases, with an initial focus on severe influenza strains including COVID-19. With its recent acquisition of Psilocin Pharma Corp., Revive is advancing the development of Psilocybin-based therapeutics in various diseases and disorders. Revive’s cannabinoid pharmaceutical portfolio focuses on rare inflammatory diseases and the company was granted FDA orphan drug status designation for the use of Cannabidiol (CBD) to treat autoimmune hepatitis (liver disease) and to treat ischemia and reperfusion injury from organ transplantation. For more information visit www.ReviveThera.com.

For more information, please contact:

Michael Frank
Chief Executive Officer
Revive Therapeutics Ltd.
Tel: 1 888 901 0036
Email: mfrank@fbn.436.myftpupload.com
Website: www.revivethera.com

Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider have reviewed or accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Cautionary Statement

This press release contains ‘forward-looking information’ within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. These statements relate to future events or future performance. The use of any of the words “could”, “intend”, “expect”, “believe”, “will”, “projected”, “estimated” and similar expressions and statements relating to matters that are not historical facts are intended to identify forward-looking information and are based on Revive’s current belief or assumptions as to the outcome and timing of such future events. Forward looking information in this press release includes information with respect to the Offering, including the intended use of proceeds. Forward-looking information is based on reasonable assumptions that have been made by Revive at the date of the information and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. Given these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking information contained in this press release is made as of the date hereof, and Revive is not obligated to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable securities laws. The foregoing statements expressly qualify any forward-looking information contained herein. Reference is made to the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual MD&A for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, which has been filed on SEDAR and is available under the Company’s profile at www.sedar.com.

References

1. S Ye et al, Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production Ameliorates Inflammation Induced by Influenza A Viruses via Upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3., American Society for Microbiology. 2015 Mar;89(5):2672-2683).

2. L. Carati et al, Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment., Eur Respir J. 1997 Jul;10(7):1535-41).

3. M Mata et al, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type II epithelial cells infected with influenza virus A and B and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)., Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;82(5):548-55.

4. D Ungheri et al, Protective effect of n-acetylcysteine in a model of influenza infection in mice., Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2000 Sep-Dec;13(3):123-128.

5. RH Zhang et al, N-acetyl-l-cystine (NAC) protects against H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury., Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Sep;22(1):1-8).

6. LD Horwitz, Bucillamine: a potent thiol donor with multiple clinical applications, Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2003 Summer;21(2):77-90).

TORONTO, April 03, 2020 – Revive Therapeutics Ltd. (“Revive” or the “Company”) (CSE: RVV), a life sciences company, has learnt that buy recommendations and letters are being circulated in Germany. The Company, along with the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority of Germany (“BaFin”) suggests shareholders fully understand these materials.

BaFin advises all investors to check the information given in the buy recommendations by consulting sources, especially if the buy recommendations are made in an aggressive way and investors are signalled the prospect of higher profits.

In Germany, the company’s shares are traded in the Open Market (Freiverkehr) segments of the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges and on Tradegate. Investors can find information in a brochure published by BaFin, which is only available in German.

“Investors can visit its website, www.revivethera.com, for up-to-date information pertaining to the Company and its continuing research and development efforts,” states Michael Frank, the Chief Executive Officer of Revive. Revive has not paid any compensation for activity that addresses target prices.”

About Revive Therapeutics Ltd.

Revive is a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, and it is prioritizing drug development efforts to take advantage of several regulatory incentives awarded by the FDA such as Orphan Drug, Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy and Rare Pediatric Disease designations. Currently, the Company is exploring the use of Buccilamine for the potential treatment of infectious diseases.  With its recent acquisition of Psilocin Pharma Corp., Revive is advancing the development of Psilocybin-based therapeutics in various diseases and disorders. Revive’s cannabinoid pharmaceutical portfolio focuses on rare inflammatory diseases and the company was granted in the past FDA orphan drug status designation for the use of Cannabidiol (CBD) to treat autoimmune hepatitis, (liver disease) and to treat ischemia and reperfusion injury from organ transplantation. For more information, visit www.ReviveThera.com.

For more information please contact:

Michael Frank
Chief Executive Officer
Revive Therapeutics Ltd.

Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider have reviewed or accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

TORONTO, April 03, 2020 – Revive Therapeutics Ltd. (“Revive” or the “Company”) (CSE: RVV), a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, announced today that it has filed its Pre-Investigational New Drug (“pre-IND”) meeting request with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for Bucillamine in the treatment of the coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”). The Company will rely on its previous FDA IND submissions of Bucillamine to expedite communications and obtain FDA acceptance to proceed to a phase 2 clinical study. The Company has previously been granted Phase 2 study approval for the treatment of Gout and Cystinuria with Bucillamine.

Revive, along with the assistance of Pharm-Olam, LLC. is finalizing the clinical study protocol to advance to a Phase 2 clinical trial in the U.S. The proposed Phase 2 clinical study contemplates a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study of Bucillamine in patients with mild to moderate symptoms. The proposed objectives of the study are to evaluate disease course in patients receiving Bucillamine therapy compared to a placebo, the safety of Bucillamine therapy when administered up to 14 days, and the time to clinical improvement in patients with symptoms receiving Bucillamine compared with a placebo.

“We are excited to expedite the clinical investigation of Bucillamine in a proposed phase 2 clinical study in the U.S., and we believe our history with the FDA for Bucillamine will provide a compelling case”, said Michael Frank, Revive’s Chief Executive Officer. “We will also seek to expand the clinical investigation of Bucillamine in Asian regions, with a particular interest in Japan and South Korea where Bucillamine has been prescribed for treating arthritis for over 30 years. We are in discussion with various contract research organizations (‘CRO’) in these regions.”

Innovative therapies to treat and modify the natural course of the disease are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species contribute to the destruction and programmed cell death of pulmonary epithelial cells.¹ N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to significantly attenuate clinical symptoms in respiratory viral infections in animals and humans, primarily via donation of thiols to restore antioxidant and to reduce the activity of cellular glutathione ^2,3,4,5. Bucillamine (N-(mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-cysteine) has a well-known safety profile and is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan and South Korea for over 30 years.  Bucillamine, a cysteine derivative with two thiol groups, has been shown to be 16 times more potent as a thiol donor in vivo than NAC ⁶. The drug is non-toxic with high cellular permeability. The basis of the clinical study will analyze if Bucillamine has the potential, via restoration of glutathione activity and other anti-inflammatory activity, to lessen the negative consequences of influenza and SARS CoV2 infection in the lungs and to help treat these conditions.

About Revive Therapeutics Ltd.

Revive is a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, and it is prioritizing drug development efforts to take advantage of several regulatory incentives awarded by the FDA such as Orphan Drug, Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy and Rare Pediatric Disease designations. Currently, the Company is exploring the use of Bucillamine for the potential treatment of infectious diseases. With its recent acquisition of Psilocin Pharma Corp., Revive is advancing the development of Psilocybin-based therapeutics in various diseases and disorders. Revive’s cannabinoid pharmaceutical portfolio focuses on rare inflammatory diseases and was previously granted FDA orphan drug status designation for the use of Cannabidiol (CBD) to treat autoimmune hepatitis (liver disease) and to treat ischemia and reperfusion injury from organ transplantation.  For more information, visit www.ReviveThera.com.

For more information, please contact:

Michael Frank
Chief Executive Officer
Revive Therapeutics Ltd.
Tel: 1 888 901 0036
Email: mfrank@fbn.436.myftpupload.com
Website: www.revivethera.com

_{Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider have reviewed or accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.}

_{Cautionary Statement}

_{This press release contains ‘forward-looking information’ within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. These statements relate to future events or future performance. The use of any of the words “could”, “intend”, “expect”, “believe”, “will”, “projected”, “estimated” and similar expressions and statements relating to matters that are not historical facts are intended to identify forward-looking information and are based on Revive’s current belief or assumptions as to the outcome and timing of such future events. Forward looking information in this press release includes information with respect to the Offering, including the intended use of proceeds. Forward-looking information is based on reasonable assumptions that have been made by Revive at the date of the information and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. Given these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking information contained in this press release is made as of the date hereof, and Revive is not obligated to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable securities laws. The foregoing statements expressly qualify any forward-looking information contained herein. Reference is made to the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual MD&A for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, which has been filed on SEDAR and is available under the Company’s profile at www.sedar.com.}

References

1. S Ye et al, Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production Ameliorates Inflammation Induced by Influenza A Viruses via Upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3., American Society for Microbiology. 2015 Mar;89(5):2672-2683).

2.  L. Carati et al, Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment., Eur Respir J. 1997 Jul;10(7):1535-41).

3.  M Mata et al, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type II epithelial cells infected with influenza virus A and B and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)., Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;82(5):548-55.

4.  D Ungheri et al, Protective effect of n-acetylcysteine in a model of influenza infection in mice., Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2000 Sep-Dec;13(3):123-128.

5.  RH Zhang et al, N-acetyl-l-cystine (NAC) protects against H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury., Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Sep;22(1):1-8).

6. LD Horwitz, Bucillamine: a potent thiol donor with multiple clinical applications, Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2003 Summer;21(2):77-90).

TORONTO, March 30, 2020 – Revive Therapeutics Ltd. (“Revive” or the “Company”) (CSE: RVV), a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, is pleased to provide a corporate update on its plans for the Company’s coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) and infectious diseases programs. The Company seeks to advance its product pipeline to human clinical studies in regions where its products have regulatory approval to investigate in clinical studies and are approved for sale, such as the U.S. and in Asia-Pacific Countries (“APAC”).

“We have strengthened our scientific and clinical team that will allow us to pursue the clinical development of Bucillamine in the potential treatment of not only COVID-19 but also other infectious diseases and we are seeking to advance Bucillamine for COVID-19 towards a potential U.S. FDA Phase 2 clinical study and a clinical study in one of the APAC countries,” said Michael Frank, Revive’s Chief Executive Officer. “Revive has built a robust product pipeline that has a particular focus on infectious diseases and rare disorders and is discovering and developing new therapeutic uses of drugs such as Bucillamine, Psilocybin and Cannabidiol.  We are steadily advancing our product development programs that will unlock the potential value of Revive and we are continuing to expand our product pipeline in infectious diseases and rare disorders.”

The Company is currently focused on advancing the clinical development for Bucillamine, which has a proven safety profile and has been prescribed for arthritis in Japan and South Korea for over 30 years and is being repurposed by the Company as a potential treatment of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.  Revive has applied for a provisional patent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office entitled “Use of Bucillamine in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases” (Serial No. 62/991,996) and the Company is targeting COVID-19 as its lead indication.  In the past, the Company has explored the use of Bucillamine in the treatment of acute gout flares in a Phase 2 study in the U.S. under its Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application that was granted and accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).  Additionally, the Company has explored the use of Bucillamine in the treatment of cystinuria where it has received FDA orphan drug status and its IND was also accepted by the FDA to conduct a Phase 2 study in the U.S.

The Company is leveraging its U.S. FDA regulatory and clinical experience with Bucillamine to further its clinical initiatives with Bucillamine for the potential treatment of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.  Revive has taken the necessary steps to unlock the full potential of Bucillamine for infectious diseases, including COVID-19, by strengthening its scientific and clinical development team to realize the potential commercial value of the Company’s product pipeline. The Company recently announced it has engaged Dr. David Boulware, MD, MPH, an internationally recognized infectious disease expert and Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine at The University of Minnesota, who is currently the Principal Investigator of a globally recognized COVID-19 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04308668).  The Company has also retained Pharm-Olam, LLC, with proven clinical experience in infectious diseases completing over 100 clinical studies in approximately 19,000 patients at over 2,000 clinical sites, to serve as the Company’s Contract Research Organization (“CRO”) to advance the future clinical study for Bucillamine in the treatment of COVID-19 and potentially other infectious diseases.  In addition, Revive has added Dr. Kelly McKee, Jr., MD, MPH as Chief Scientific Officer consultant, bringing over 30 years of experience in research and development expertise in vaccines, emerging diseases, biodefense, respiratory viral infections,  and Dr. Onesmo Mpanju, PhD as Regulatory Affairs consultant, having nearly 30 years of drug regulatory experience and a past reviewer at the U.S. FDA, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research and a key consultant to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The Company is finalizing its regulatory package and clinical study plan for Bucillamine in the treatment of COVID-19 and it will submit for regulatory approval, by way of an IND application submission to the U.S. FDA, to investigate Bucillamine in a proposed Phase 2 clinical study.  Revive will also seek to expand the clinical investigation of Bucillamine for COVID-19 in APAC regions, with a particular interest in Japan and South Korea.

Scientific Rationale for the Investigation of Bucillamine to Treat Infectious Diseases including COVID-19

Current antiviral interventions for influenza have exhibited modest efficacy, especially in improving mortality in at-risk populations, such as the elderly.1,2  Novel antivirals have been plagued by poor oral bioavailability and lack of efficacy when not delivered early.1 This is because these drugs mostly act to prevent the early processes of virus binding to cells or viral replication.2  Thiols, particularly N-acetylcysteine (NAC), with antioxidant and reducing activity have been investigated as effective therapies that abrogate the potential for influenza to cause severe disease.3,4,5  Restoration of glutathione, the major intracellular thiol antioxidant, is a critical functional activity of NAC.6  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during influenza virus infection aggravate destructive inflammation and programmed death of epithelial cells.7  Studies in human cells and animal models have shown that NAC works to prevent acute lung injury caused by influenza virus infection through inhibition of these ROS-mediated mechanisms.4,7  NAC has been investigated clinically and found to significantly attenuate clinical symptoms associated with influenza infection, especially in elderly at-risk patients.5  While NAC is easily taken up by cells and has low toxicity, clinical efficacy has required long-term and high-dose administration because of modest relative potency, limiting its clinical applicability.

Bucillamine (N-(mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-cysteine), which has a well-known safety profile and is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan and South Korea for over 30 years, is a cysteine derivative with 2 thiol groups that is 16-fold more potent than NAC as a thiol donor in vivo, giving it vastly superior function in restoring glutathione and therefore greater potential to prevent acute lung injury during influenza infection.8  Bucillamine has also been shown to prevent oxidative and reperfusion injury in heart and liver tissues8 and is highly cell permeable for efficient delivery into cells.8,9  Bucillamine has unrealized potential for the treatment of influenza with both proven safety and proven mechanism of action similar to that of NAC, but with much higher potency, mitigating the previous obstacles to using thiols therapeutically. It is also reasonable to hypothesize that similar processes related to ROS are involved in acute lung injury during nCov-19 infection, possibly justifying the investigation of bucillamine as an intervention for COVID-19.

About Revive Therapeutics Ltd.

Revive is a life sciences company focused on the research and development of therapeutics for infectious diseases and rare disorders, and it is prioritizing drug development efforts to take advantage of several regulatory incentives awarded by the FDA such as Orphan Drug, Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy and Rare Pediatric Disease designations. Currently, the Company is exploring the use of Bucillamine for the potential treatment of infectious diseases, with an initial focus on COVID-19.  With its recent acquisition of Psilocin Pharma Corp., Revive is advancing the development of Psilocybin-based therapeutics in various diseases and disorders.  Revive’s cannabinoid pharmaceutical portfolio focuses on rare inflammatory diseases and was granted FDA orphan drug status designation for the use of Cannabidiol (CBD) to treat autoimmune hepatitis (liver disease) and to treat ischemia and reperfusion injury from organ transplantation. For more information, visit www.ReviveThera.com.

For more information, please contact:

Michael Frank
Chief Executive Officer
Revive Therapeutics Ltd.
Tel: 1 888 901 0036
Email: mfrank@fbn.436.myftpupload.com
Website: www.revivethera.com

Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider have reviewed or accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Cautionary Statement

This press release contains ‘forward-looking information’ within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. These statements relate to future events or future performance. The use of any of the words “could”, “intend”, “expect”, “believe”, “will”, “projected”, “estimated” and similar expressions and statements relating to matters that are not historical facts are intended to identify forward-looking information and are based on Revive’s current belief or assumptions as to the outcome and timing of such future events. Forward looking information in this press release includes information with respect to the Offering, including the intended use of proceeds. Forward-looking information is based on reasonable assumptions that have been made by Revive at the date of the information and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking information. Given these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking information contained in this press release is made as of the date hereof, and Revive is not obligated to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable securities laws. The foregoing statements expressly qualify any forward-looking information contained herein. Reference is made to the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual MD&A for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, which has been filed on SEDAR and is available under the Company’s profile at www.sedar.com.

References
​
1. Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR et al. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data Lancet Respir Med. 2014 May;2(5):395-404. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70041-4.

2. Duwe S. Influenza viruses – antiviral therapy and resistance. GMS Infect Dis. 2017; 5: Doc04.

3. Zhang RH, Li CH, Wang CL et al. N-acetyl-l-cystine (NAC) protects against H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Sep;22(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.013.

4. Ungheri D, Pisani C, Sanson G et al. Protective effect of n-acetylcysteine in a model of influenza infection in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2000 Sep-Dec;13(3):123-128.

5. De Flora S, Grassi C, and Carati L. Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1535–1541 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.97.10071535

6. Poole LB. The Basics of Thiols and Cysteines in Redox Biology and Chemistry. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Mar; 0: 148–157. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.013.

7. Mata M, Morcillo E, Gimeno C, Cortijo J. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type II epithelial cells infected with influenza virus A and B and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 1;82(5):548-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.014.

8. Horowitz LD. Bucillamine: a potent thiol donor with multiple clinical applications. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2003 Summer;21(2):77-90.

9. Sagawa A, Fujisaku A, Ohnishi K et al. A multicentre trial of bucillamine in the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis (SNOW study). Mod Rheumatol. 2011 Jun;21(3):251-7. doi: 10.1007/s10165-010-0385-4